Η κλιμακούμενη ένταση στη χερσόνησο της Κορέας επανέφερε στο προσκήνιο τη συζήτηση για την ασφάλεια του πλανήτη και την αποτροπή της πυρηνικής απειλής. Χώρες όπως η Ινδία και το Πακιστάν, η Βόρεια Κορέα και το Ισραήλ καταγράφονται στον παγκόσμιο χάρτη ως εκείνες που διαθέτουν πυρηνικά όπλα, ενώ το Ιράν ως χώρα που επιδιώκει να αποκτήσει τέτοια μέσα μαζικής καταστροφής.
Συνεχίστε την ανάγνωση του «Τα πυρηνικά όπλα»
ΣΥΝΘΗΚΗ ΚΕΙΜΕΝΟ
Η CTBT απαγορεύει όλες τις πυρηνικές εκρήξεις στη Γη είτε για στρατιωτικούς ή για ειρηνικούς σκοπούς.
Θα περιλαμβάνει ένα προοίμιο, 17 άρθρα, τα δύο παραρτήματα και ένα πρωτόκολλο με δύο παραρτήματα.
Ένα άλλο σημαντικό κείμενο είναι το ψήφισμα που εγκρίθηκε από τα κράτη που έχουν υπογράψει στις 19 Νοεμβρίου 1996, η ίδρυση της Προπαρασκευαστικής Επιτροπής για την Πλήρη Απαγόρευση των Πυρηνικών Δοκιμών Οργάνωσης της Συνθήκης (CTBTO).
North KoreaNorth Korea has periodically asserted its need for a nuclear deterrent since the Korean War, when the United States threatened to use nuclear weapons against it.
The UN Security Council has issued a series of sanctions against North Korea’s nuclear program, including Resolution 1695, Resolution 1718, Resolution 1874, and Resolution 2087. The Six-Party Talks between North Korea, South Korea, Japan, China, Russia, and the United States began in 2003 with the goal of denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula. However, these talks have been suspended since April 2009. Tensions have continued to rise since North Korea torpedoed the South Korean naval ship, the Cheonan, and shelled the island of Yeonpyeong in 2010. North Korea possesses full nuclear fuel cycle capabilities, including a presumed basic capability to enrich uranium, although the functionality of its centrifuges has not yet been substantiated to the outside world. North Korea is building a small light water reactor (LWR) at Yongbyon, which will be fueled by the enriched uranium after it is completed. [1]
Ηνωμένες ΠολιτείεςThe United States became the world’s first nuclear weapon state in 1945, and remains the only state ever to have used a nuclear weapon in wartime. Today, it maintains one of the world’s largest operational arsenals: approximately 4,760 warheads, 2,080 of which are deployed. [1]
This includes an estimated 900 strategic warheads and 180 nonstrategic warheads deployed in Europe, as well as approximately 800 delivery systems (i.e., intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), submarine launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), and strategic bombers). [2]
President Barack Obama declared in his 2009 Prague address that because of its central role in nuclear weapons development, the United States has a «moral responsibility» to lead global efforts seeking «the peace and security of a world without nuclear weapons.» [3] The United States was a driving force behind the negotiation of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), as well as most other major arms control and nonproliferation treaties and regimes. Under the terms of the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START) with Russia, signed in April 2010, the United States will reduce its strategic nuclear arsenal to 1,550 operational warheadsdeployed on 700 delivery vehicles by February 2018. Although the Obama administration remains committed to advancing the goal of nuclear disarmament as declared in Prague, and in accordance with U.S. NPT commitments, the path to U.S. and global nuclear disarmament is neither linear nor certain.
Russia became the world’s second nuclear weapon state after it tested its first device at Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan, on 29 August 1949 Συνεχίστε την ανάγνωση του «NuclearLast updated: April, 2015»
Χρήστος Κατσέας: Αναλύσεις για Διαβασμένους
